USGS Multimedia Gallery Video Set for: Kilauea http://gallery.usgs.gov/ en-us A list of the latest videos and vodcasts added to the U.S. Geological Survey's Multimedia Gallery (http://gallery.usgs.gov). http://gallery.usgs.gov/images/USGS.gif USGS http://gallery.usgs.gov/ <![CDATA[Spattering Near Propagating Fissure]]> Spattering near the front of the propagating fissure.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/422 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/422 Fri, 8 Jul 2011 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea volcano lava PuuOo Napau crater fissure eruption <![CDATA[Lava Flowing Into a Seemingly Bottomless Crack]]> This video shows lava pouring from the fissure into a seemingly bottomless crack. Napau Crater in the background. Helicopter for scale.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/423 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/423 Fri, 8 Jul 2011 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea volcano lava fissure eruption Napau crater <![CDATA[Lava Spattering from a Persistent Vent]]> Video showing spattering from the most persistent vent of the day just west of the base of Pu'u 'O 'o near the northeastern end of the fissure system.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/424 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/424 Fri, 8 Jul 2011 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea volcano lava fissure eruption PuuOo crater <![CDATA[Lava Fountaining from a Dominant Vent]]> Video showing low fountaining from the dominant vent, near the southwest end of the fissure system adjacent to Napau Crater, active during the day on March 7.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/425 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/425 Fri, 8 Jul 2011 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea volcano lava fissure eruption vent Napau crater fountain <![CDATA[Collapse of the Pu'u 'O 'o Crater Floor on March 5]]> Video showing the collapse of the Pu'u 'O 'o crater floor on March 5. The video starts at 4 am and ends at 11 pm. The floor of the crater dropped about 115 meters (377 ft) in just a few hours.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/426 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/426 Fri, 8 Jul 2011 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea volcano lava fissure eruption PuuOo crater collapse TimeLapse <![CDATA[Halema'uma'u West Rim Collapse]]> This clip, captured by a video camera on the rim of Halema'uma'u to the southwest of the vent, shows a small slice of the western rim of the vent collapsing into the lava lake.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/414 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/414 Thu, 7 Jul 2011 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea volcano lava Halemaumau <![CDATA[Thunder Sounds from the Vent in Halema'uma'u]]> Booming sounds from the vent in Halema'uma'u have been audible around the summit area of Kilauea for the past several days. Some of these sounds are caused by rocks striking the surface of the lava lake, but most are actually the sound of the vent walls cracking due to heating and expansion of rock. This video, from February 25, illustrates what this sounds like. Occasionally, these sharp reports and booms can be visually correlated to rocks exploding off the vent wall and showering fragments down onto the surface of the lava lake.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/415 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/415 Thu, 7 Jul 2011 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea volcano lava Halemaumau <![CDATA[Rockfall in Halema'uma'u]]> The level of the lava lake sometimes changes abruptly. These cycles of rise and fall, which amount to a vertical change of around 15 m (about 50 ft), are occasionally triggered by rockfalls. Here, a small collapse from the vent wall triggers degassing and a drop in the lava level.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/416 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/416 Thu, 7 Jul 2011 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea volcano lava Halemaumau <![CDATA[Spattering in Halema'uma'u]]> As spattering intensifies, the walls of the vent heat even more, causing the cracking of the rocks through thermal expansion to speed up, creating the cacophony of popping noises apparent in this video.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/417 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/417 Thu, 7 Jul 2011 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea volcano lava Halemaumau <![CDATA[Halema'uma'u Northwest Rim Collapse]]> There was a series of vent wall and rim collapses on March 3, much like those that occurred in January and February. This video, compiled from the Webcam on the rim of Halema'uma'u above the vent, is one of the larger collapses, and shows the northwest rim of the vent falling into the lava lake.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/418 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/418 Thu, 7 Jul 2011 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea volcano lava Halemaumau <![CDATA[Halema'uma'u North Rim Collapse]]> This video, compiled from the Webcam on the rim of Halema'uma'u, shows the north rim of the vent collapsing.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/419 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/419 Thu, 7 Jul 2011 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea volcano lava Halemaumau <![CDATA[Fissure Eruption Between Pu'u 'O 'o and Napau Crater]]> Video clip shot from the air looking SW at the fissure eruption between Pu'u 'O 'o and Napau Crater. The fissure segment in the tephra in the foreground opened seconds earlier, and only about 10 minutes after the eruption as a whole started. The cracks through the tephra are in the process of opening, though this can't be picked out at this distance.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/420 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/420 Thu, 7 Jul 2011 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea volcano lava PuuOo Napau crater fissure eruption <![CDATA[Propagating Fissure]]> Video clip shot in front of the propagating fissure, showing low spattering that started moments earlier. Thick white steam from the crack in the foreground indicates that lava is about to reach the surface, and is seen doing so seconds later.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/421 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/421 Thu, 7 Jul 2011 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea volcano lava PuuOo Napau crater fissure eruption <![CDATA[Lava Lake at Halema'uma'u Crater]]> The lava lake deep within the vent cavity at Halema'uma'u crater remains active, with ongoing degassing and circulation of lava. This Quicktime movie shows the view in the vent today with a thermal camera, and the video is set at x4 speed to better show the slowly moving lava surface. Today, the lava surface was moving at a rate of about 18 meters per minute (or about 0.7 miles per hour).

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/335 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/335 Mon, 3 Jan 2011 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea volcano lava lake Halemaumau crater thermal cavity overflight vent <![CDATA[Littoral Explosions at Puhi-o-Kalaikini Ocean Entry]]> A short period of successive littoral explosions at the Puhi-o-Kalaikini ocean entry, where lava exiting the tube enters the water. The explosions were throwing ejecta up to about 20 meters. The video was taken with a high zoom factor from the top of the sea cliff, well away from the entry point and not on the lava delta.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/336 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/336 Mon, 3 Jan 2011 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea volcano lava PuhiKalaikini delta entry explosion littoral ocean rock <![CDATA[East Lae'apuki Lava Delta Collapse]]> At 11:10 in the morning on November 28, 2005, the active lava delta at East Lae'apuki began to fall into the ocean. This was not a catastrophic collapse, with the entire 34-acre delta going at once, but instead occurred in a piece-meal fashion over a period of just less than 5 hours. The collapse removed the active East Lae'apuki delta, plus another 10 acres of the old sea cliff inland from the delta. The area of land removed was 830 meters long and 320 meters wide--this is more than half a mile long and just under a quarter mile wide!

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/337 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/337 Mon, 3 Jan 2011 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea volcano lava delta EastLaeapuki Laeapuki ocean collapse sea cliff inland <![CDATA[Pu'u 'O 'o Producing Spattering]]> The flow began erupting in Pu'u 'O 'o crater this morning. The primary vent for the flow was producing small pulsating spattering that had built a small rampart on its south side. The final portion of the video is shown at x10 speed with a wide view, and shows how the spattering vent is supplying the flow.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/338 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/338 Mon, 3 Jan 2011 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea volcano lava flow eruption PuuOo crater vent <![CDATA[Channelized Lava Flow]]> A channelized flow that broke out of the lava tube early this morning at the base of the pali, west of Kalapana. Even after traveling through the lava tube system for almost 10 kilometers (about 6.2 miles), the lava is sufficiently hot to be extremely fluid, and moves swiftly downslope. For scale, the channel is about 2 meters (about 2 yards) wide.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/339 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/339 Mon, 3 Jan 2011 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea volcano lava channelized flow pali Kalapana fluid channel <![CDATA[Lava Within Halema'uma'u Vent Cavity]]> This movie shows lava within the Halema'uma'u vent cavity, at a depth of about 200 m below the vent rim. The lava surface, which is about 20 m wide, is extremely vigorous, with constant roiling and semi-continuous spattering. Spatter deposited on the walls around the lava surface creates a hot, unstable surface, which can be seen to disintegrate as large blocks break off and fall into the lava.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/245 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/245 Wed, 16 Jun 2010 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea Hawaii HVO Volcano Halemaumau lava hazard <![CDATA[Small Explosive Event in Halema'uma'u]]> This movie (at x2 speed) shows a small explosive event in the Halema'uma'u vent at 9:20am. The explosion was immediately preceded by a portion of the vent rim collapsing into the vent cavity. The brown plume rises rapidly from the vent, and in the full resolution video large particles can be seen ejected in front of the plume. In the video shown here, it is possible to see some of these particles impact the crater wall—look for several small white puffs to appear on the crater wall just ahead of the rising brown plume (about 7-9 seconds into the video clip). No ejecta was found at the Halema'uma'u Overlook, indicating that few, if any particles, reached the crater rim.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/246 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/246 Wed, 16 Jun 2010 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea Hawaii HVO Volcano Halemaumau lava hazard <![CDATA[Halema'uma'u Filling and Draining Cycle]]> Lava within the vent cavity in Halema'uma'u crater continues to be active, and occasionally displays remarkable filling and draining cycles. This Quicktime movie shows the draining portion of one of these cycles, captured in "nightshot" mode in order to see through the thick fume. The video begins with a wide surface of chaotic, agitated lava, with vigorous upwelling and spattering. The lava surface is about 30 m wide. Eventually, the lava begins to drain into a hole on the floor of the vent cavity, as spattering continues. Each filling and draining cycle lasted about 5 minutes.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/247 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/247 Wed, 16 Jun 2010 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea Hawaii HVO Volcano Halemaumau lava hazard <![CDATA[Draining in Lava Pond within Halema'uma'u Vent]]> This movie shows a draining event in the lava pond within the Halema'uma'u vent cavity. The lava column exhibited cycles of filling and draining of the vent cavity, with each cycle lasting a few minutes. As the pond drains, lava cascades into a small hole on the east side (right) of the cavity floor. Also, lava that was covering a large bench to the west of the main pond drains back, with large plates of crust sliding over the edge.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/248 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/248 Wed, 16 Jun 2010 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea Hawaii HVO Volcano Halemaumau lava hazard <![CDATA[Thermal View of Halema'uma'u Floor]]> This movie shows video collected with a thermal camera during two helicopter overflights of the Halema'uma'u vent. The high vantage point allowed a view of the entire floor of the vent cavity, which is not possible from the ground. Also, the thermal camera can "see" through the thick fume that normally obscures the vent to the naked eye. The first half of the video shows observations on January 7, when a dome fountain on the floor of the vent cavity was feeding a wide, vigorously flowing lava stream towards the north. The second half of the video shows observations on January 13, at which point the lava stream had disappeared and two degassing holes were active. The northern hole (on the right) appears to have lava just below the rim.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/249 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/249 Wed, 16 Jun 2010 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea Hawaii HVO Volcano Halemaumau lava hazard thermal <![CDATA[Thermal View of Active Lava Pond in Halema'uma'u Vent]]> This movie shows the active lava pond deep within the Halema'uma'u vent cavity. The lava is upwelling at the northern margin of the pond (the upper margin in this view), and slowly migrating south towards the bottom of the image, where it sinks out of view. The pond is about 50 m wide. Small spattering sources appear and disappear occasionally. This video was taken with a thermal camera (white is hot, dark blue is cold), which is able to see through the thick fume. No views were possible with the naked eye today due to the fume, and only loud gas roaring sounds could be heard.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/250 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/250 Wed, 16 Jun 2010 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea Hawaii HVO Volcano Halemaumau lava hazard thermal <![CDATA[Thermal View of Lava Surface Deep within Halema'uma'u]]> This movie shows the lava surface deep within the Halema'uma'u vent cavity, captured with a thermal camera that can see through the thick fume. The lava surface is about 70 meters (230 ft) wide, and remains about 200 meters (660 ft) below the cavity rim. The surface is mostly crusted, with a slow migration from north to south. Small spattering sources occasionally break through the thin crust. Just a few minutes after this video was taken, violent degassing and spattering ensued, disrupting the entire lava surface, and the lava level dropped about 20 meters (66 ft).

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/251 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/251 Wed, 16 Jun 2010 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea Hawaii HVO Volcano Halemaumau lava hazard thermal <![CDATA[Thermal View of Halema'uma'u Vent]]> This video is from a thermal camera looking into the vent cavity at Halema'uma'u around 3pm today. The video is shown at x4 speed. At the beginning of the clip, the lava level is at a high stand, with slowly migrating crustal plates and little spattering. Eventually, small scale spattering begins in the northeast corner of the pond, accompanied by vigorous degassing. As the violent spattering disrupts the surface crust, the lava level falls as the gas volume is released. In this example, the lava level dropped about 30 meters (100 feet).

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/252 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/252 Wed, 16 Jun 2010 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea Hawaii HVO Volcano Halemaumau lava hazard thermal <![CDATA[Thermal View of Active Lava Pond within]]> This movie shows the active lava pond within PuuOo crater, imaged with a thermal camera. The video is shown at x60 speed, and covers about 25 minutes. Lava is being supplied to the crater from two vents, one visible in the upper right corner of the image and one out of view in the lower left. Crustal foundering events, in which a section of the thin surface crust ruptures and sinks, exposing the hot interior of the pond, are common. This view is towards the north.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/253 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/253 Wed, 16 Jun 2010 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea Hawaii HVO Volcano PuuOo lava hazard thermal <![CDATA[Activity within PuuOo]]> This movie shows video taken during today's field visit and overflight. The first portion of the video is taken at the rim of PuuOo crater, and shows the north vent feeding the lava pond. The lava surface undulates due to rising gas bubbles, and a small overturn is triggered. The second portion of the video shows an open stream of lava at the summit of one of the rootless shields on the Quarry flow.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/254 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/254 Wed, 16 Jun 2010 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea Hawaii HVO Volcano PuuOo lava hazard <![CDATA[Shatter Ring on PKK Lava Tube (March 20-22, 2006)]]> The flow field feature seen here is called a shatter ring. Shatter rings are circular to elliptical volcanic features, typically tens of meters (yards) in diameter, which form over active lava tubes. They are typified by an upraised rim of blocky rubble and a central depression. Dozens of shatter rings have been identified on volcanoes in Hawai'i, and have also been reported from basaltic lava fields in Iceland, Australia, Italy, and the mainland United States. They form when lava pressure in the tube repeatedly exceeds the strength of the overlying rock. Repeated flexing of the lava-tube roof piles up rubble around the edges of the mobile area. The shatter ring shown here, informally called the Campout Shatter Ring because it was first seen while HVO geologists were camping near Pu'u 'O'o conducting a multi-day research study, was about 40 meters (130 feet) across. This video shows a series of four uplift cycles over three days. The uplift is obvious during daylight hours, while at night only the associated breakout is visible.

The images that comprise this video were acquired by a time-lapse camera positioned about 1 kilometer (0.6 miles) east of the shatter ring. The image acquisition rate was 1 frame per 10 minutes, and the resulting video is played at 10 frames per second.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/148 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/148 Tue, 1 Sep 2009 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea Hawaii HVO Volcano PuuOo FlowField <![CDATA[Lava Level Change in PKK Tube Skylight (June 11, 2006)]]> To document changes in the lava stream level within the Prince Kuhio Kalaniana'ole (PKK) lava tube, a time-lapse camera was placed on the brink of a lava tube skylight (an opening in the roof of the lava tube) with a view of the lava. This skylight was informally called the Petunia skylight because short, lobate lava flows, looking like petals on a flower, had emerged from and chilled around the skylight. The camera successfully captured several abrupt and short-lived increases in lava stream level that eventually sealed the skylight shut. This video shows one of these brief increases in lava level. Note how a standing wave forms on the surface of the lava stream as the level begins to rise. With further lava stream rise, the standing wave gives way to a turbulent surface with the wave appearing to roll back upstream and culminates in a nearly stationary, bubbling surface just below the mouth of the skylight. As the level drops, the lava stream reverses back through each of these stages.

The images that comprise this video were acquired by a time-lapse camera. The image acquisition rate was 1 frame per minute, and the resulting video is played at 10 frames per second.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/149 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/149 Tue, 1 Sep 2009 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea Hawaii HVO Volcano PuuOo LavaTube <![CDATA[Lava Level Change in PKK Tube Skylight (August 19, 2006)]]> To document changes in the lava stream level within the Prince Kuhio Kalaniana'ole (PKK) lava tube, a time-lapse camera was placed on the brink of a lava tube skylight (an opening in the roof of the lava tube) with a view of the lava. Despite its proximity to high radiant heat from the lava, the camera successfully captured several abrupt and short-lived increases in lava stream level that eventually sealed the skylight shut. This video shows one of these brief increases in lava level.

The images that comprise this video were acquired from the edge of a skylight informally called Kelly's skylight. The image acquisition rate was 1 frame per minute, and the resulting video is played at 10 frames per second.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/150 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/150 Tue, 1 Sep 2009 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea Hawaii HVO Volcano PuuOo LavaTube <![CDATA[Collapse, Refilling, and Uplift of Pu'u 'O'o Crater (June 10-July 25, 2007)]]> On June 17-19, 2007, and intrusion into Kilauea's upper east rift zone led to the cessation of eruptive activity at Pu'u 'O'o and the collapse of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor. This is chronicled on these two HVO Web pages: http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/archive/2007_06_19.html; http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/archive/2007_06_26.html. The quiet did not last long though, and lava began to erupt on the floor of the Pu'u 'O'o crater in early July (http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/archive/2007_07_23.html). After several days of slow filling, the crater began to uplift as pressure increased below. Then, just after midnight on July 21, 2007, a new fissure eruption broke out on the eastern flank of the Pu'u 'O'o cone (http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/pressreleases/pr07_21_07.html; http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/archive/2007_09_08.html) and Pu'u 'O'o's crater floor collapsed again.

This video was made by stitching together webcam images into a panoramic view. The webcam was positioned on the north rim of the Pu'u 'O'o crater, and only one panoramic view was selected per day spanning the events described above. The resulting video is played at 6 frames per second.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/151 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/151 Tue, 1 Sep 2009 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea Hawaii HVO Volcano PuuOo LavaLake <![CDATA[Drainback Event During Refilling of Pu'u 'O'o Crater (July 5-6, 2007)]]> On June 17-19, 2007, and intrusion into Kilauea's upper east rift zone led to the cessation of eruptive activity at Pu'u 'O'o and the collapse of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor. This is chronicled on these two HVO Web pages: http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/archive/2007_06_19.html; http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/archive/2007_06_26.html. The quiet did not last long though, and lava began to erupt on the floor of the Pu'u 'O'o crater by July 2 (http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/archive/2007_07_23.html) from an eastern and a western vent on the crater floor. The crater floor was quickly buried and the crater began to refill with lava. Several time during the early part of the refilling process, lava from the western vent stopped erupting, partly drained back into the vent, then quickly re-emerged as the vent resumed its eruption. This video shows one of these drainback events followed by a smaller secondary drainback during the night of July 5-6, 2007. This camera was later lost when the crater floor and a portion of the crater rim collapsed following the July 21, 2007 fissure eruption (http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/pressreleases/pr07_21_07.html; http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/archive/2007_09_08.html).

The images that comprise this video were acquired by a time-lapse camera positioned on the northwestern rim of the Pu'u 'O'o crater about 185 meters (600 feet) from the erupting vent. The image acquisition rate was 1 frame per minute, and the resulting video is played at 15 frames per second.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/152 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/152 Tue, 1 Sep 2009 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea Hawaii HVO Volcano PuuOo LavaLake <![CDATA[Refilling of Pu'u 'O'o Crater (July 8, 2007)]]> On June 17-19, 2007, and intrusion into Kilauea's upper east rift zone led to the cessation of eruptive activity at Pu'u 'O'o and the collapse of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor. This is chronicled on these two HVO Web pages: http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/archive/2007_06_19.html; http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/archive/2007_06_26.html. The quiet did not last long though, and lava began to erupt on the floor of the Pu'u 'O'o crater by July 2 (http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/archive/2007_07_23.html) from an eastern and a western vent on the crater floor. The crater floor was quickly buried and the crater began to refill with lava. This video shows the competing interaction between flows from the eastern vent (to the left) and the western vent (to the right) on the crater floor for a period of several hours on July 8, 2007.

The images that comprise this video were made by stitching together three webcam images into a panoramic view. The webcam was positioned on the north rim of the Pu'u 'O'o crater and acquired a group of images every minute. The images within each group were acquired about 6 seconds apart, and the time-stamp shown on each frame in the video is based on the timing of the right-hand image. The resulting video is played at 15 frames per second.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/153 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/153 Tue, 1 Sep 2009 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea Hawaii HVO Volcano PuuOo LavaLake <![CDATA[Refilling of Pu'u 'O'o Crater (July 13, 2007)]]> On June 17-19, 2007, and intrusion into Kilauea's upper east rift zone led to the cessation of eruptive activity at Pu'u 'O'o and the collapse of the Pu'u 'O'o crater floor. This is chronicled on these two HVO Web pages: http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/archive/2007_06_19.html; http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/archive/2007_06_26.html. The quiet did not last long though, and lava began to erupt on the floor of the Pu'u 'O'o crater by July 2 (http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/archive/2007_07_23.html) from an eastern and a western vent on the crater floor. The crater floor was quickly buried and the crater began to refill with lava. This video, from July 13, 2007, shows the flows ponding behind and over-topping self-made levees as well as flowing westward toward the center of the crater.

The images that comprise this video were acquired by a time-lapse camera positioned on the northeastern rim of the Pu'u 'O'o crater about 125 meters (410 feet) from the erupting eastern vent. The image acquisition rate was 1 frame per minute, and the resulting video is played at 15 frames per second.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/154 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/154 Tue, 1 Sep 2009 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea Hawaii HVO Volcano PuuOo LavaLake <![CDATA[Dome Fountain Over Fissure D of the July 21, 2007 Eruption (September 20, 2007)]]> Just after midnight on July 21, 2007, a new fissure eruption broke out on the eastern flank of the Pu'u 'O'o cone (http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/pressreleases/pr07_21_07.html). Activity quickly focused on the easternmost fissure—Fissure D—and lava began flowing to the northeast (http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/archive/2007_09_08.html) eventually creating a lava channel perched above the surrounding terrain. A small surge of lava through the system on September 20, 2007 resulted in a small dome fountain over Fissure D at the head of the perched lava channel. Fortunately, the fountain was short-lived and quit before the cliff on which the camera stood was overtopped.

The images that comprise this video were acquired by a time-lapse camera positioned on a small cliff about 70 meters (230 feet) west of the dome fountain. The image acquisition rate was 1 frame every two minutes, and the resulting video is played at 10 frames per second.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/155 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/155 Tue, 1 Sep 2009 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea Hawaii HVO Volcano July21Eruption LavaFountain <![CDATA[Perched Lava Channel - July 21, 2007 Eruption (November 15, 2007)]]> Just after midnight on July 21, 2007, a new fissure eruption broke out on the eastern flank of the Pu'u 'O'o cone (http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/pressreleases/pr07_21_07.html). Activity quickly focused on the easternmost fissure—Fissure D—and lava began flowing to the northeast (http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/archive/2007_09_08.html) eventually creating a lava channel perched up to 45 meters (150 ft) above the pre-existing lava surface. At times, narrow sections of the lava channel crusted over to form a series of four distinct pools along the length of the channel. This video, from November 15, 2007, shows the slow flow of lava northward (to the left) down the length of the uppermost pool (pool 1). Interestingly, the lava channel also behaved somewhat like a lava pond, with the piston-like rise and fall of the lava surface due to the accumulation and subsequent release of gas within the lava.

The images that comprise this video were acquired by a time-lapse camera positioned just below the eastern rim of Pu'u 'O'o, about 2.2 kilometers (1.4 miles) west of the perched channel. The image acquisition rate was 1 frame every minute, and the resulting video is played at 10 frames per second.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/156 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/156 Tue, 1 Sep 2009 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea Hawaii HVO Volcano July21Eruption LavaChannel <![CDATA[Rootless Shield Flank Collapse - July 21, 2007 Eruption (December 1, 2007)]]> Just after midnight on July 21, 2007, a new fissure eruption broke out on the eastern flank of the Pu'u 'O'o cone (http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/pressreleases/pr07_21_07.html). Activity quickly focused on the easternmost fissure—Fissure D—and lava began flowing to the northeast (http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/archive/2007_09_08.html) eventually creating a lava channel perched up to 45 meters (150 ft) above the pre-existing lava surface. On November 21, 2007, lava found an easier path to the surface and broke out from directly over Fissure D on what was, by then, the southern flank of the perched channel (http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/pressreleases/pr11_21_07.html). Lava flows became focused to the south of Fissure D and quickly began to build a string of rootless shields—low hills of lava formed over a lava tube instead of a volcanic vent. The rapid accumulation of lava did not allow flows to completely cool before being buried by subsequent flows. This resulted in the storage of molten or semi-molten lava within or ponded on the flanks of the rootless shields. At times, shield flank collapses released a body of this stored lava to produce rapidly moving 'a'a flows. The video here shows the rapid release of lava ponded on the eastern flank of a rootless shield on December 1, 2007. Steep walls surrounding the ponded lava come into view as the lava drains to the southeast (to the left). Huge chunks of cooled and coherent lava can be seen being carried along by the flow.

The images that comprise this video were acquired by a time-lapse camera positioned on the west flank of Kupaianaha, a lava shield active between 1986 and 1992. The camera is about 500 meters (0.3 miles) east of the lava flow. The image acquisition rate was 1 frame every two minutes, and the resulting video is played at 10 frames per second.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/157 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/157 Tue, 1 Sep 2009 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea Hawaii HVO Volcano July21Eruption RootlessShield <![CDATA[Rootless Shield Flank Collapse - July 21, 2007 Eruption (January 26, 2008)]]> Just after midnight on July 21, 2007, a new fissure eruption broke out on the eastern flank of the Pu'u 'O'o cone (http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/pressreleases/pr07_21_07.html). Activity quickly focused on the easternmost fissure—Fissure D—and lava began flowing to the northeast (http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/archive/2007_09_08.html) eventually creating a lava channel perched up to 45 meters (150 ft) above the pre-existing lava surface. On November 21, 2007, lava found an easier path to the surface and broke out from directly over Fissure D on what was, by then, the southern flank of the perched channel (http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/pressreleases/pr11_21_07.html). Lava flows became focused to the south of Fissure D and quickly began to build a string of rootless shields—low hills of lava formed over a lava tube instead of a volcanic vent. The rapid accumulation of lava did not allow flows to completely cool before being buried by subsequent flows. This resulted in the storage of molten or semi-molten lava within or ponded on the flanks of the rootless shields. At times, shield flank collapses released a body of this stored lava to produce rapidly moving 'a'a flows. The video here shows the rapid release of lava ponded at the top of a rootless shield on January 26, 2008. Steep walls surrounding the ponded lava come into view as the lava drains to the south (to the left). Huge chunks of cooled and coherent lava can be seen being carried along by the advancing 'a'a flow. The terminus of this flow entered the upper part of the mostly-abandoned Royal Gardens subdivision before stagnating.

The images that comprise this video were acquired by a time-lapse camera positioned about 1 kilometer (0.6 miles) south of a steep-sided rootless shield topped by a lava pond. The image acquisition rate was 1 frame every minute, and the resulting video is played at 10 frames per second.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/158 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/158 Tue, 1 Sep 2009 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea Hawaii HVO Volcano July21Eruption RootlessShield <![CDATA[Halema'uma'u Ash Emission (August 20, 2008)]]> Beginning in early January 2008, sulfur dioxide emission rates from the summit area of Kilauea increased to 2 to 10 times above background values, prompting partial closure of the summit region by late February. On March 12, 2008, a new gas vent appeared low on the southeast wall of Halema'uma'u Crater (http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/pressreleases/pr03_14_08.html). At 0258 on March 19, an explosive eruption occurred (http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/pressreleases/pr03_19_08.html), opening and widening the gas vent slightly and scattering lithic lapilli and coarse ash over an area of about 50 hectares (124 acres). Several more explosive eruptions and dozens of ashy, brown-colored plumes have puncuated the otherwise gray-white gas plume since the initial vent opening (see http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/kilauea/timeline/ for links to specific events). Though debatable, it is thought that most of these ashy plumes were caused by collapses of the vent walls. This video, from August 20, 2008, is a good example of what the ashy plumes look like, and clearly shows the collapse of a portion of the vent wall, on the eastern (left) side of the vent, preceding the emission of ash.

The images that comprise this video were acquired by a video monitoring system in the observation tower of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory about 1.8 kilometers (1.1 miles) north of the vent. The original video acquisition rate was 5 frames per second, and the resulting video is played at 50 frames per second.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/159 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/159 Tue, 1 Sep 2009 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea Hawaii HVO Volcano Halemaumau Eruption <![CDATA[Halema'uma'u Explosive Eruption (September 2, 2008)]]> An explosive eruption from the informally-named Overlook vent at Kilauea's summit (see http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/kilauea/timeline/ for links describing eruptive activity at the summit of Kilauea Volcano) occurred on September 2, 2008. This eruption was dominated by juvenile scoria and was the largest eruption to date in terms of mass erupted. The event occurred at night with incandescent tephra erupting from the vent like fireworks, as seen in this video.

The images that comprise this video were acquired by a video monitoring system (recording in a low-light mode) in the observation tower of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory about 1.8 kilometers (1.1 miles) north of the vent. The original video acquisition rate was 5 frames per second, and the resulting video is played at 50 frames per second.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/160 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/160 Tue, 1 Sep 2009 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea Hawaii HVO Volcano Halemaumau Eruption <![CDATA[Halema'uma'u Explosive Eruption (October 12, 2008)]]> On October 12, 2008, an explosive eruption, shown in this video, blasted lithic and juvenile tephra onto the Halema'uma'u crater rim 85 meters (280 feet) above the informally-named Overlook vent (see http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/kilauea/timeline/ for links describing eruptive activity at the summit of Kilauea Volcano). It was the most powerful eruption to date in terms of seismic energy released. The mushroom-shaped ash cloud released by the eruption engulfed the crater rim above the vent, and falling tephra shattered solar panels for nearby equipment. Bright orange incandescence from hot gas and particles reached well above the level of the crater rim. Notice the appearance of dust on the ground surface behind the crater rim on the east (left) side of the plume several seconds after the ashy plume billows from the vent. This is presumably dust kicked up by tephra falling back to the ground after being ejected from the vent.

The images that comprise this video were acquired by a video monitoring system in the observation tower of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory about 1.8 kilometers (1.1 miles) north of the vent. The original video acquisition rate was 5 frames per second, and the resulting video is played at 50 frames per second.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/161 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/161 Tue, 1 Sep 2009 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea Hawaii HVO Volcano Halemaumau Eruption <![CDATA[Halema'uma'u Explosive Eruption (October 12, 2008)]]> On October 12, 2008, an explosive eruption, shown in this video, blasted lithic and juvenile tephra onto the Halema'uma'u crater rim 85 meters (280 feet) above the informally-named Overlook vent (see http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/kilauea/timeline/ for links describing eruptive activity at the summit of Kilauea Volcano). It was the most powerful eruption to date in terms of seismic energy released. The webcam was struck by debris but, other than a few dents in the camera enclosure, was not damaged.

The images that comprise this video were acquired by a webcam positioned on the rim of Halema'uma'u Crater about 85 meters (280 feet) above the Overlook vent. The image acquisition rate was 1 frame every 2 seconds, and the resulting video is played at 12 frames per second.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/162 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/162 Tue, 1 Sep 2009 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea Hawaii HVO Volcano Halemaumau Eruption <![CDATA[Halema'uma'u Explosive Eruption (October 14, 2008)]]> A sequence of collapses scattered over several hours on October 14, 2008, culminated in an explosive eruption that blasted lithic and juvenile tephra onto the Halema'uma'u crater rim 85 meters (280 feet) above the informally-named Overlook vent (see http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/kilauea/timeline/ for links describing eruptive activity at the summit of Kilauea Volcano). The October 14 explosive eruption blasted lithic and juvenile tephra onto the Halema'uma'u crater rim 85 meters (280 feet) above the vent. Collapse of the western (upper left) side of the vent rim is visible through the fume 15-20 seconds before the ash emission starts.

The images that comprise this video were acquired by a webcam positioned on the rim of Halema'uma'u Crater about 85 meters (280 feet) above the Overlook vent. The image acquisition rate was 1 frame every 2 seconds, and the resulting video is played at 12 frames per second.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/163 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/163 Tue, 1 Sep 2009 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea Hawaii HVO Volcano Halemaumau Eruption <![CDATA[Halema'uma'u Vent Rim Collapse (October 14, 2008)]]> This video, from October 14, 2008, shows two collapses of the rim of the informally-named Overlook vent and the subsequent emission of ash (see http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/kilauea/timeline/ for links describing eruptive activity at the summit of Kilauea Volcano). These collapses were part of a sequence of collapses that occurred on October 14 and which culminated in an explosive eruption later in the afternoon that blasted tephra onto the Halema'uma'u crater rim.

The images that comprise this video were acquired by a webcam positioned on the rim of Halema'uma'u Crater about 85 meters (280 feet) above the Overlook vent. The image acquisition rate was 1 frame every 2 seconds, and the resulting video is played at 12 frames per second.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/164 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/164 Tue, 1 Sep 2009 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea Hawaii HVO Volcano Halemaumau Eruption <![CDATA[Halema'uma'u Gas Plume Variations (November 17, 2008)]]> The erupting vent within Halema'uma'u Crater at Kilauea's summit (see http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/kilauea/timeline/ for links describing eruptive activity at the summit of Kilauea Volcano) typically produces a white to gray gas plume dominated by steam. While ashy plumes released by collapses and explosive events are exciting, even the behavior of the ""typical"" gas plume is interesting and occassionally undergoes rapid changes in plume vigor. This video, from November 17, 2008, shows a day in the life of the gas plume rising from the informally-named Overlook vent. On this day, the plume was especially dynamic with the plume becoming very small several times throughout the day.

The images that comprise this video were acquired by a webcam in the observation tower of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory about 1.8 kilometers (1.1 miles) north of the vent. The image acquisition rate was roughly 1 frame per minute and the resulting video is played at 15 frames per second.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/165 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/165 Tue, 1 Sep 2009 00:00:00 EDT Kilauea Hawaii HVO Volcano Halemaumau GasPlume <![CDATA[Eruption from Dave's Vent in Pu'u 'O'o Crater (March 2, 2004)]]> Late 2003 through early 2004 marked a period of heightened eruptive activity at Pu'u 'O'o, on Kilauea Volcano's east rift zone, with lava frequently spilling from vents within the Pu'u 'O'o crater. This time-lapse video, captured by a Webcam located on the northern rim of the Pu'u 'O'o crater, shows lava erupting from a spatter cone on the southwestern side of the crater floor, informally known as Dave's vent, on March 2, 2004. The vent is about 275 meters (900 feet) from the camera. While most of the erupted lava accumulated below the northern crater wall, some also poured out of the crater through the West gap—the low area on the right-hand side of the video—and sent a short lava flow down Pu'u 'O'o's northwestern flank.

The time-lapse video is a panorama composed of two images with the left-hand image acquired about 6 seconds before the right-hand image. The time-stamp shown on each frame is based on the timing of the right-hand image. The image acquisition rate was approximately 1 frame per 45 seconds, and the resulting video is played at 15 frames per second.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/132 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/132 Tue, 25 Aug 2009 00:00:00 EDT PuuOo Kilauea volcano lava eruption vent <![CDATA[Long-Term Change at MLK Vent (April 2, 2004 to October 28, 2006)]]> A time lapse camera was poised on the southern flank of Pu'u 'O'o cone from early 2004 through mid-2007. This location overlooked the Martin Luther King (MLK) vent and provided a distant view of the top of the Prince Kuhio Kalanianaole (PKK) tube system—the lava tube system active at Pu'u 'O'o from 2004 to 2007. This movie shows the long-term development of the MLK and PKK vents by stitching together one image per day from April 2004 through October 2006. Some days are missing due to bad visibility or camera malfunction. Images were, in most cases, rotated and cropped to accomodate unavoidable changes in camera position.

The images that comprise this video were acquired by a time-lapse camera positioned on the south flank of the Pu'u 'O'o cone about 70 meters (230 feet) away from the MLK vent, in the foreground. The video is played at 10 frames per second.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/133 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/133 Tue, 25 Aug 2009 00:00:00 EDT PuuOo Kilauea volcano lava eruption vent <![CDATA[Cone Collapse at MLK Vent (May 2, 2005)]]> During Spring 2005, activity at the Martin Luther King (MLK) vent, an eruptive vent on the southwestern flank of the Pu'u 'O'o cone, changed from a period of construction to one of destruction. This was highlighted by the collapse of the main MLK spatter cone. The drainback of lava beneath the spatter cone, following the extrusion of lava, likely removed support of the overlying rock. The cone then fell into the resultant cavity.

The images that comprise this video were acquired by a time-lapse camera positioned on the south flank of the Pu'u 'O'o cone about 70 meters (230 feet) away from the MLK vent. The image acquisition rate was 1 frame per minute, and the resulting video is played at 10 frames per second.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/134 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/134 Tue, 25 Aug 2009 00:00:00 EDT PuuOo Kilauea volcano lava eruption vent <![CDATA[Pond Overflow at MLK Vent (May 10, 2005)]]> After the collapse of the main spatter cone at the Martin Luther King (MLK) vent on May 2, 2005, a small lava pond was visible within the new pit. Over the following weeks, the level of the lava pond often changed abruptly, resulting in overflows and spattering along the edge of the pond. This video, captured on May 10, 2005, shows an example of this type of activity.

The images that comprise this video were acquired by a time-lapse camera positioned on the south flank of the Pu'u 'O'o cone about 70 meters (230 feet) away from the MLK vent. The image acquisition rate was 1 frame per minute, and the resulting video is played at 10 frames per second."

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/135 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/135 Tue, 25 Aug 2009 00:00:00 EDT PuuOo Kilauea volcano lava eruption vent <![CDATA[East Lae'apuki Lava Delta Collapse (November 28, 2005)]]> At 11:10 in the morning on November 28, 2005, the lava delta at the East Lae'apuki ocean entry, on Hawai'i's southeastern coast, began to collapse into the ocean. This was not a catastrophic failure with the entire 34-acre delta going at once, but instead occurred in a piece-meal fashion over a period of just less than 5 hours. The collapse removed the almost the entire East Lae'apuki delta, plus another 10 acres of the older sea cliff inland from the delta. The resulting embayment was 830 meters (2,725 feet) long (parallel to the shoreline) and 320 meters (1, 050 feet) wide (perpendicular to the shoreline)--this is more than half a mile long and just under a quarter mile wide! At the time of the collapse, the ocean entry was being fed by lava flowing through a lava tube that originated on the southwestern flank of the Pu'u 'O'o cone.

For additional information see the Press Release (http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/pressreleases/pr11_29_05.html) or this Volcano Watch article (http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/volcanowatch/2006/06_05_04.html). The growth and collapse of lava deltas are discussed on this HVO Webpage (http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/hazards/oceanentry/deltacollapse/).

The images that comprise this video were acquired by a time-lapse camera positioned on the edge of the older sea-cliff at the northeastern end of the East Lae'apuki delta. The image acquisition rate was 1 frame per minute, and the resulting video is played at 10 frames per second.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/136 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/136 Tue, 25 Aug 2009 00:00:00 EDT PuuOo Kilauea volcano OceanEntry LavaDelta <![CDATA[Lava Fountaining from MLK Vent (February 9-10, 2005)]]> On February 9, 2005, an eruptive surge at Pu'u 'O'o resulted in episodic spattering and fountaining from the MLK vent, on the southwestern flank of the Pu'u 'O'o cone. The main cone active during this event was 6-7 meters (20-23 feet) high. This suggests that fountain heights reached about 10 meters (33 feet). The time-lapse camera was positioned on the south flank of the Pu'u 'O'o cone about 70 meters (230 feet) away from the erupting cone and about 25 meters (80 feet) up-slope from passing lava flows. The prevailing wind direction was from behind the camera, which would have aided in keeping the camera relatively cool by blowing the heat away. In fact, if anyone had been there, they would have likely found the air temperature quite comfortable.

The images were acquired at a rate of 1 frame per minute, and the resulting video is played at 10 frames per second.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/137 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/137 Tue, 25 Aug 2009 00:00:00 EDT PuuOo Kilauea volcano lava eruption vent <![CDATA[Bubble Bursts at East Lae'apuki Ocean Entry (May 29, 2006)]]> The interaction of sea water and lava creates a volatile situation. When this happens inside the confined space of a lava tube, or a narrow, water-filled crack, the results can be impressive. In this video, which was made from time-lapse images cropped to focus on the activity, bursting lava bubbles put on quite a show for several hours. Some of the larger bubble bursts are estimated to have reached in excess of 20 meters (65 ft) in height. The bubble bursts occurred about 350 meters (1,150 feet) away from the camera. At that distance, a person would be smaller than the numbers in the date-time watermark.

Bubble bursts and other types of explosive activity at ocean entries are described in detail on this HVO webpage (http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/hazards/oceanentry/deltaexplosions/).

The images that comprise this video were acquired by a time-lapse camera positioned on the edge of the older sea-cliff at the northeastern end of the East Lae'apuki delta. The image acquisition rate was 1 frame per minute, and the resulting video is played at 10 frames per second.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/138 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/138 Tue, 25 Aug 2009 00:00:00 EDT PuuOo Kilauea volcano OceanEntry LavaDelta <![CDATA[Gas-Pistoning at Drainhole Vent in Pu'u 'O'o Crater (June 2-3, 2006)]]> Gas-pistoning is an interesting phenomenon seen at Kilauea and other volcanoes. It is caused by the accumulation of gas within, or the rise of a gas slug through, a column of lava. In either case, the gas pushes up the overlying lava (the "piston"). Eventually, the gas breaches the surface and escapes, sometimes as a forceful jet of fume and spatter. The lava then drains back into the vent. Gas pistons can occur as single events or as a repeating series comprised of dozens or even hundreds of events. During mid-2006, eruptive activity at the informally-named Drainhole vent, on the floor of Pu'u 'O'o crater, was often characterized by periods of gas-pistoning. The video sequence shown here, from June 2-3, 2006, is a great example of the gas-pistoning that was occurring at that time. The opening is about 8 meters (26 feet) across and is inset within the floor of the Drainhole vent itself, which is about 25 meters (80 feet) across.

The images that comprise this video were acquired by a time-lapse camera positioned on the northern lip of the Drainhole vent and about 15 meters (50 feet) away from the opening. The image acquisition rate was 1 frame per minute, and the resulting video is played at 10 frames per second.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/139 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/139 Tue, 25 Aug 2009 00:00:00 EDT PuuOo Kilauea volcano lava eruption vent GasPiston <![CDATA[Gas-Pistoning at Drainhole Vent in Pu'u 'O'o Crater (June 3, 2006)]]> Gas-pistoning is an interesting phenomenon seen at Kilauea and other volcanoes. It is caused by the accumulation of gas within, or the rise of a gas slug through, a column of lava. In either case, the gas pushes up the overlying lava (the "piston"). Eventually, the gas breaches the surface and escapes, sometimes as a forceful jet of fume and spatter. The lava then drains back into the vent. Gas pistons can occur as single events or as a repeating series comprised of dozens or even hundreds of events. During mid-2006, eruptive activity at the informally-named Drainhole vent, on the floor of Pu'u 'O'o crater, was often characterized by periods of gas-pistoning. The video sequence shown here, from June 3, 2006, is a great example of the gas-pistoning that was occurring at that time. The opening is about 8 meters (26 feet) across and is inset within the floor of the Drainhole vent itself, which is about 25 meters (80 feet) across.

The images that comprise this video were acquired by a time-lapse camera positioned on the northern lip of the Drainhole vent and about 15 meters (50 feet) away from the opening. The image acquisition rate was 1 frame per minute, and the resulting video is played at 10 frames per second.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/140 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/140 Tue, 25 Aug 2009 00:00:00 EDT PuuOo Kilauea volcano lava eruption vent GasPiston <![CDATA[Gas-Pistoning at Drainhole Vent in Pu'u 'O'o Crater (June 3, 2006)]]> Gas-pistoning is an interesting phenomenon seen at Kilauea and other volcanoes. It is caused by the accumulation of gas within, or the rise of a gas slug through, a column of lava. In either case, the gas pushes up the overlying lava (the "piston"). Eventually, the gas breaches the surface and escapes, sometimes as a forceful jet of fume and spatter. The lava then drains back into the vent. Gas pistons can occur as single events or as a repeating series comprised of dozens or even hundreds of events. During mid-2006, eruptive activity at the informally-named Drainhole vent, on the floor of Pu'u 'O'o crater, was often characterized by periods of gas-pistoning. The video sequence shown here, from June 3, 2006, is a great example of the gas-pistoning that was occurring at that time. The opening is about 8 meters (26 feet) across and is inset within the floor of the Drainhole vent itself, which is about 25 meters (80 feet).

The images that comprise this video were acquired by a time-lapse camera positioned on the northern lip of the Drainhole vent and about 15 meters (50 feet) away from the opening. The image acquisition rate was 1 frame per minute, and the resulting video is played at 10 frames per second.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/141 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/141 Tue, 25 Aug 2009 00:00:00 EDT PuuOo Kilauea volcano lava eruption vent GasPiston <![CDATA[East Lae'apuki Lava Breakout (June 24, 2006)]]> After sunset on June 24, 2006, lava burst from the East Lae'apuki lava tube about 50 meters (165 feet) inland from the older sea cliff behind the East Lae'apuki lava delta. Lava reached and began cascading over the sea cliff within a minute, and quickly spread across the lava delta below. The cascade was mostly crusted over by late afternoon on June 25, but intermittent surges kept it alive until dawn on September 26 when the event appeared to have finally ended. This video shows only the initial several hours of the breakout. The sea cliff at the cascade location was about 15 meters (50 feet) high.

The images that comprise this video were acquired by a time-lapse camera positioned on the edge of the older sea-cliff at the northeastern end of the East Lae'apuki delta. The image acquisition rate was 1 frame per minute, and the resulting video is played at 10 frames per second.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/142 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/142 Tue, 25 Aug 2009 00:00:00 EDT PuuOo Kilauea volcano lava eruption LavaTube <![CDATA[Gas-Pistoning at Drainhole Vent in Pu'u 'O'o Crater (June 28, 2006)]]> Gas-pistoning is an interesting phenomenon seen at Kilauea and other volcanoes. It is caused by the accumulation of gas within, or the rise of a gas slug through, a column of lava. In either case, the gas pushes up the overlying lava (the "piston"). Eventually, the gas breaches the surface and escapes, sometimes as a forceful jet of fume and spatter. The lava then drains back into the vent. Gas pistons can occur as single events or as a repeating series comprised of dozens or even hundreds of events. During mid-2006, eruptive activity at the informally-named Drainhole vent, on the floor of Pu'u 'O'o crater, was often characterized by periods of gas-pistoning. The video sequence shown here, from June 28, 2006, is a great example of the gas-pistoning that was occurring at that time. The Drainhole vent from this angle is about 20 meters (65 feet) across.

The images that comprise this video were acquired by a time-lapse camera positioned on the northwestern edge of the Drainhole vent. The image acquisition rate was 1 frame per minute, and the resulting video is played at 10 frames per second.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/143 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/143 Tue, 25 Aug 2009 00:00:00 EDT PuuOoo Kilauea volcano lava eruption vent GasPiston <![CDATA[East Lae'apuki Lava Breakout (September 21, 2006)]]> Between the morning of September 20, 2006 and the evening of September 22, 2006, there were 10 separate breakouts from the East Lae`apuki tube about 50 meters (165 feet) inland from the older sea cliff behind the East Lae'apuki lava delta. This video shows the most spectacular breakout of the series with up to at least twenty separate lava cascades over the sea cliff. The breakout started just after 4:00 PM when glare from the sun was at its worst. Thus, this movie sequence starts just before sunset when the view improves dramatically.

The images that comprise this video were acquired by a time-lapse camera positioned on the edge of the older sea-cliff at the northeastern end of the East Lae'apuki delta. The image acquisition rate was 1 frame per minute, and the resulting video is played at 10 frames per second.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/144 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/144 Tue, 25 Aug 2009 00:00:00 EDT PuuOo Kilauea volcano lava eruption LavaTube <![CDATA[East Lae'apuki Shatter Ring (October 16, 2006)]]> The lava-tube feature seen here is called a shatter ring. Shatter rings are circular to elliptical volcanic features, typically tens of meters (yards) in diameter, which form over active lava tubes. They are typified by an upraised rim of blocky rubble and a central depression. Dozens of shatter rings have been identified on volcanoes in Hawai'i, and have also been reported from basaltic lava fields in Iceland, Australia, Italy, and the mainland United States. They form when lava pressure in the tube repeatedly exceeds the strength of the overlying rock. Repeated flexing of the lava-tube roof piles up rubble around the edges of the mobile area. This shatter ring, about 55 meters (180 feet) long and and 2.5 meters (8 feet) high was active from late September to mid-October 2006. The center of the shatter ring, which becomes visible as the shatter ring uplifts, started out about a meter (3 feet) lower than the lava surface outside the shatter ring. Thus, the center of the shatter ring uplifted about 5 meters (16 feet) during this event. Lava emerges from the base of the shatter ring when the lava tube roof is pushed up out of the way and is further evidence of the overpressurization of the tube.

The images that comprise this video were acquired by a time-lapse camera positioned on a small mound of lava about 75 meters (245 feet) east of the shatter ring. The image acquisition rate was 1 frame per minute, and the resulting video is played at 10 frames per second.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/145 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/145 Tue, 25 Aug 2009 00:00:00 EDT PuuOo Kilauea volcano lava eruption shattering LavaTube <![CDATA[Halema'uma'u Gas Vent Huffs and Puffs]]> The ongoing eruption in Halema'uma'u Crater at the summit of Kilauea Volcano has experienced several significant interruptions in activity since it began in March 2008. The latest disruption began on June 30, 2009, when a large collapse of the vent rim dumped rubble onto the lava surface and dramatically reduced gas emissions. This period of reduced activity persisted for over a month, until August 9, when a new hot gas vent poked through the rubble on the floor of the eruptive cavity in Halema'uma'u. Following this reawakening, the Halema'uma'u vent began emitting a faint nighttime glow for the first time since July 4, 2009.

This thermal video clip, taken from the rim of Halema'uma'u Crater, shows vigorous puffing from the new gas vent, which also produces audible gas-rushing sounds. A thermal camera is used because it can 'see' through the thick fume that typically obscures the eruptive cavity.

For safety reasons, Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park has closed access to the summit vent, which has erupted explosively numerous times since it opened in March 2008. However, the public can see spectacular views the vent—especially the faint orange glow it emits after dark—from an overlook at Jaggar Museum or via HVO Webcams (http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/cams/).

Video was taken by Matt Patrick, USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory geologist, on August 10, 2009, around 4:30 p.m.

]]> Matt Patrick http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/126 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/126 Mon, 17 Aug 2009 00:00:00 EDT Halemaumau volcano hazard Kilauea vent HVO webcam <![CDATA[As the Lava Churns]]> On June 3, 2009, conditions provided a rare view of active lava churning within Kilauea Volcano's summit vent located in Halema'uma'u Crater. This video (actual speed) shows the surface of the circulating lava, which is about 100 meters (300 feet) below the crater floor, or 180 meters (590 feet) below the camera. As lava gushes across the opening, its surface is disrupted by waves, splashes, bursting gas bubbles, and spatters of molten rock. It is not known how long these conditions will continue. The lava surface could soon crust over or drop to a lower level— or it could keep going, as shown here, for days, weeks, or months.

For safety reasons, Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park has closed access to the summit vent, which has erupted explosively numerous times since it opened in March 2008. However, the public can see spectacular views the vent— especially the orange glow it emits after dark— from an overlook at Jaggar Museum or via HVO Webcams (http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/cams/).

Video was taken by Matt Patrick, USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory geologist, on June 3, 2009, around 7:00 p.m.

]]> Matt Patrick http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/118 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/118 Sat, 6 Jun 2009 00:00:00 EDT Halemaumau volcano hazard lava HVO Kilauea <![CDATA[As the Lava Churns]]> On June 4, 2009, conditions provided a rare view of active lava churning within Kilauea Volcano's summit vent located in Halema'uma'u Crater. This video (actual speed) shows the surface of the circulating lava, which is about 100 meters (300 feet) below the crater floor, or 180 meters (590 feet) below the camera. As lava gushes across the opening, its surface is disrupted by waves, splashes, bursting gas bubbles, and spatters of molten rock. It is not known how long these conditions will continue. The lava surface could soon crust over or drop to a lower level— or it could keep going, as shown here, for days, weeks, or months.

For safety reasons, Hawai'i Volcanoes National Park has closed access to the summit vent, which has erupted explosively numerous times since it opened in March 2008. However, the public can see spectacular views the vent— especially the orange glow it emits after dark— from an overlook at Jaggar Museum or via HVO Webcams (http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/cams/).

Video was taken by Tim Orr, USGS Hawaiian Volcano Observatory geologist, on June 34, 2009.

]]> torr - at - usgs.gov (Tim Orr) http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/119 http://gallery.usgs.gov/videos/119 Sat, 6 Jun 2009 00:00:00 EDT Halemaumau volcano hazard lava HVO Kilauea