Akiapolaau Honeycreeper
While the susceptibility of endangered akiapolaau honeycreepers to avian malaria is unknown, it is likely very high given their current restriction to the highest elevation forests on the island of Hawaii....
Location: USA

Amakihi Honeycreeper
During the past decade populations of this honeycreeper have begun to rebound at lower elevations on most of the main Hawaiian Islands, in spite of high prevalence of infection with avian malaria. Natural selection for resistance to avian malaria is the leading explanation for this rebound and rece...
Location: USA

Akepa Honeycreeper
While the susceptibility of endangered akepa honeycreepers to avian malaria is unknown, it is likely very high given their current restriction to the highest elevation forests on the island of Hawaii....
Location: USA

Iiwi Honeycreeper
While still common at higher elevations, iiwi are extremely susceptible to avian malaria. Mortality is as high as 90% after exposure to a single infective mosquito bite under laboratory conditions....
Location: USA